Traits

Stateful Traits

Traits offer a fine-grained mechanism to compose classes from reusable components while avoiding problems of fragility brought by multiple inheritance and mixins. Traits as originally proposed are stateless, that is, they contain only methods, but no instance variables. State can only be accessed within traits by accessors, which become required methods of the trait. Although this approach work...

Bootstrapping Traits

Despite the undisputed prominence of inheritance as the fundamental reuse mechanism in object-oriented programming languages, the variants – single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and mixin inheritance – all suffer from conceptual and practical problems. Traits overcome the problems arising with the different variants of inheritance. Traits are essentially groups of methods that serve as bui...

Flattening Traits

Traits are fine-grained components that can be used to compose classes, while avoiding many of the problems of multiple inheritance and mixin-based approaches. Since most implementations of traits have focused on dynamically-typed languages, the question naturally arises, how can one best introduce traits to statically-typed languages, like Java and C#? In this paper we argue that the flattenin...

attribution theory and personality traits among efl learners

هدف از این تحقیق یافتن ارتباط بین نحوه نگرش زبان آموزان به موفقیت و شکستشان و نوع شخصیت آنها است. 216 زبان آموز، 111 پسر و 105 دختر، در سطح متوسط که در آموزشگاه زبان انگلیسی شکوه مشغول به تحصیل بودند در این پژوهش شرکت کرده اند. شرکت کننده ها دو پرسشنامه neo-ffi و atfll را تکمیل کرده اند. نتیجه نشان داد که: احساسات با توافق پذیری و وظیفه شناسی ارتباط مثبت و با روان نژندی ارتباط منفی دارد. تصور ا...

personality traits